Primary Health Care Principles And Practices

 Primary Health Care Principles And Practices - This article is about universal health care. See primary care for part of the health care system.

Primary health care (PHC) is "essential health care" based on scientifically sound methods and technologies. It provides universal health care to all individuals and families in the community. PHC activities allow for the full participation of community members in implementation and decision-making.

Primary Health Care Principles And Practices

Primary Health Care Principles And Practices

Services are provided at an affordable cost in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination at any stage of community and country development.

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In other words, PHC is a health-oriented approach rather than a traditional health care system focused on health-related policies.

PHC covers all areas related to health, including health, environmental and social services.

Therefore, primary health care and health care systems together should be considered the core of all health systems.

The World Health Organization, or WHO, defines the goals of PHC in three key areas: “empowerment of individuals and communities, multisectoral policies and actions;

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Based on these definitions, PHC can not only help a person after an illness or disease, but can also actively help prevent such problems through an understanding that encompasses the whole person.

This ideal model of primary health care was adopted in the announcement of the International Conference on Primary Health Care held in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan in 1978 (known as the "Alma Ata Declaration") and became the conceptual basis of the World Health Organization's goals. For health. for everyone.

The Alma-Ata conference launched the "Health First Movement" of companies and institutions, governments and civil society organizations, researchers and NGOs that began to address the "politically, socially and economically unacceptable" health inequalities in all countries. PHC was influenced by many factors; An example of this is Chinese podiatrists.

Primary Health Care Principles And Practices

The primary goal of healthcare is to provide the best possible health services for all. Therefore, the World Health Organization has identified five key factors to achieve this goal:

Pdf) 7.1 Principles Of Patient Management

Behind these elements are the principles set out in the Alma Ata Declaration, which should be established in national policies to initiate and support the integration of PHC with integrated health systems and other components:

In summary, PHC recognizes that health care is not temporary, but a process that improves people's lives and alleviates the underlying socioeconomic conditions that contribute to poor health. Ethics include support for health, development and political activities rather than economic conditions.

The health care approach has had considerable success in the health sector, applied to economic and political situations.

The Alma-Ata Declaration raised PHC (primary health care) goals, but was criticized internationally for being vague, expensive and unattainable. This has led to various PHC approaches such as SPHC (Selective Primary Health Care) to address economic disparities and regional health priorities.

Solution: Primary Health Care

Following the 1978 Alma Ata Conference, the Rockefeller Foundation held a conference in 1979 at the Bellagio Conference in Italy to address a number of issues. Here, the concept of Selective Primary Health Care is introduced as a strategy to comprehensively complete PHC. It is based on Julia Walsh and Kenneth S. Warr's article, "Selective Primary Health Care: An Interim Strategy for Disease Control in Developing Countries."

This innovation supports a more efficient way of managing PHC by targeting specific health areas and selecting the most appropriate treatment plan based on cost and needs. One of the key features of SPHC is GOBI (Growth Control, Oral Hygiene, Nutrition and Prevention).

GOBI, an initiative of the World Health Organization, includes four low-cost, high-impact indicators (and an acronym) introduced by James P. Grant at UNICEF in 1983 as the key to half of child mortality. Dimensions:

Primary Health Care Principles And Practices

Three innovations were subsequently introduced into the plan (food additives have been used since UNICEF was founded in 1946), leading to the abbreviation GOBI-FFF.

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, And Quaternary Care

These initiatives focus on critical public health issues in some developing countries, where certain diseases cause infant and child mortality. A health care plan is used to identify diseases that require more attention, and then the interval can be effectively used as part of primary care in the least expensive way. The objectives and outcomes of the selected PHC are clear and measurable.

Given global demographics, with the number of people aged 60 and over expected to double by 2025, PHC approaches need to address the impact of countries' aging populations. In the future, the majority of elderly people will live in developing countries, leading to the challenges of aging societies, including an increased risk of developing certain diseases. Chronic diseases such as diabetes or osteoporosis

According to the World Health Organization, coping with this increase requires community health promotion and disease prevention and disease control strategies in health care systems.

Some jurisdictions use PHC principles in health care planning and management to identify, diagnose, and treat common health conditions and assign complex health problems to appropriate levels of public health care in local health care facilities.

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The Alma Ata Council of Ministers decided that measures should be taken to support mental health related to primary health care. However, there is no such document in Alma Ata Revelation. These differences make proper funding impossible, and while it would be reasonable to be part of the announcement, a change would require a new conference.

People with chronic diseases appear to live shorter lives than those without, with life expectancy up to twenty-five years shorter than those without.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in serious health conditions. General health services such as PHC are one way to include better access to such health services, which can help manage existing mental health conditions and prevent other co-occurring conditions.

Primary Health Care Principles And Practices

Considering that 360 million people worldwide have hearing loss, including 32 million children and nearly 180 million elderly people, chronic ear diseases can lead to hearing loss and are life-threatening. , Seventieth World Health Assembly Resolution WHA70.13 (Agenda Item 15.8) of May 31, 2017 requires member states to integrate the principles of ear and hearing care into their health systems as part of universal health. ]

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China's "barefoot doctors" are an important inspiration for PHC because they have shown how good it is to have a health care system at the community level with connections to the community. Area podiatrists are a variety of rural health workers who live in rural areas and receive basic health care training. They focused on priorities rather than urban health care and treatment services. They also offer a blend of western and traditional medicine. Local podiatrists boost self-esteem by promoting strong community ties, low-cost and, most importantly, clean-up practices.

The project included the proliferation of indigenous medical services in China, and the proliferation of naked doctors between the early 1960s and the Cultural Revolution (1964-1976).

After the Alma Ata conference, although countries were very interested in the idea of ​​health care, the Declaration itself was criticized for being "inaccurate" and "insufficiently planned".

More specific approaches to disease prevention and control are based on evidence of prevalence, morbidity, mortality and control effectiveness (necessary effectiveness). The best model is the Selective PHC approach (described above). Selected PHC favored short-term goals and health investments, but did not address the social causes of disease. Therefore, the SPHC approach has been criticized for not following Alma Ata's principle of individualism in health care and health care system development.

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In Africa, the PHC system has expanded into isolated rural areas by establishing health posts and centers that provide maternal and child health, prevention, nutrition, first aid and referral services.

After the introduction of structural adjustment programs by the World Bank, PHC implementation is said to be affected. We aim to strengthen education and research to improve the health of communities and create a strong healthcare system that meets people's health needs.

The Community and Primary Health Care Network (CPHCN) builds strong relationships between the university, health care organizations and people in the community. This is our goal

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