Who Principles Of Primary Health Care

 

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Author: Sarra Melki Sarra Melki Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, 2, 3, * , Donia Ben Hassine Donia Ben Hassine Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 3, 4, Dhekra Chebil Dhekra Chebil Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 2, 3, Sarra Nouira Sarra Nouira Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 3, 4, Youssef Zanina Youssef Zanina Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 5 and Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz Ahmed Ben Abdelaziz Scilit Preprints.org Google Scholar 1, 2, 3

Received date: July 15, 2022 / Revision date: August 18, 2022 / Accepted date: September 1, 2022 / Publication date: September 5, 2022

Primary Health Care

Background: Primary care is the first level of health care delivery. Its role in infectious disease management has been particularly documented during the SARS and Ebola outbreaks and more recently during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To describe public health professionals’ perceptions of the impact of primary health care in managing the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia. Methods: This qualitative study is based on structured interviews covering five areas: 1. preparation, 2. impact, 3. health services, 4. response, 5. combating COVID-19 in primary health services in Tunisia. Convenience sampling was conducted, including public health practitioners and experts. Results: A total of 25 experts were included, including 2 international experts and 4 experts from the Ministry of Health. The gender ratio was 0.92. The majority of respondents confirmed that Tunisian primary health care facilities are not ready to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the role of primary health care in the response to COVID-19, some experts say primary health care played a key role in the early stages of the pandemic. Almost all participants claimed that primary health care was excluded from national strategies against COVID-19. All interviewees also confirmed that the effectiveness of minimal health care services provided in primary health care facilities has been undermined since the outbreak began. However, they all said primary health care is well-equipped to deal with future epidemics. Conclusion: Tunisia's primary health care system is not functioning effectively during the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, future lessons need to be extrapolated to further implications for potential upcoming epidemics.

Primary health care (PHC) is one of the most important pillars of universal healthcare as it is the first point of contact for citizens with the health system [1]. The World Health Organization and UNICEF define it as a holistic approach to health that aims to ensure equitable distribution of the highest possible quality of health services, from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care [2]. Defined by Almaty in 1978 [3] and announced by Astana in 2018, the three main functions of primary health care are to provide an equitable health package and ensure community cross-sectoral participation (health planning, organization and control) . Encourage collaboration (e.g. in education and agriculture sectors). Although the Declaration of Alma-Ata did not mention the role of primary health care in the management of infectious diseases, and the Declaration of Astana briefly mentioned the role of primary health care in the management of infectious diseases, based on historical experience, The important role of primary health care in reducing the impact of infectious diseases within the community is recognized. SARS (2003) and Ebola epidemic (2013) [5, 6].

The current COVID-19 pandemic, officially declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has had a direct impact on society, economic life, and the organization of health systems around the world. Require. Although primary health care settings are internationally concentrated in tertiary hospitals and intensive care units, they are still responsible for managing a large proportion of COVID-19-related care [7] . Several primary health care systems have played an important role in the fight against COVID-19 and have been able to manage cases and reduce the burden on secondary and tertiary care [8, 9]. These examples suggest that countries with primary health care expertise may be better able to manage the COVID-19 pandemic locally. Tunisia has a tax-funded public health system consisting mainly of three levels of care. The first level is the primary health care centers established after the Declaration of Alma-Ata. There are currently about 2,000 primary health care institutions across the country [10]. Primary health care centers provide basic health care services including immunization, maternal care and health promotion. The second level is represented by regional hospitals that provide medical, surgical, and obstetrics and gynecology care. The final phase includes a university hospital with super-specialty treatment, education and research functions. Despite the large number of primary care settings and the wealth of expertise within them, their role in COVID-19 management remains unclear [ 11 ]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe public health professionals' perceptions of the role of primary health care in preparedness, response, and management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia.

The study population included Tunisian public health practitioners and specialists, ranging from third year (preventive and community medicine residents) to fourth year (preventive and community medicine professors, Ministry of Health staff and international experts). Participants were invited to participate in the study via email and selected using convenience sampling. All participants gave written consent to participate. As one-on-one interviews were not possible due to COVID-19 protocols, a structured questionnaire containing five questions was emailed to participants (Box 1). The collected data were analyzed using hypothetical deduction and thematic analysis. Qualitative data analysis was performed manually by two researchers. We looked at responses and selected themes related to each of these five themes.

Are We Reaching Our Commitment To Leave No Woman Or Child Behind?

In addition to qualitative data, a number of variables were collected including gender (male, female, etc.), age and function (international: public health experts working in the field at the World Health Organization; domestic: public health practitioners affiliated with the Ministry of Health) . , regional: working in the direction of regional health, regional: working in primary health care centers or hospitals). The variable significance for PHC reflects the public health professional's years of practice (student: less than 5 years, practicing: 5-35 years, retired 35 years or more).

Box 1. A five-question questionnaire was distributed to study participants to describe the role of Tunisian primary care facilities in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.

In Tunisia, primary health services (institutions, programs and staff) are prepared to fight the COVID-19 pandemic amid multiple crises.

In Tunisia, primary health care (structures, programs and staff) has played a key role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its various waves.

Overview Of Basic Principles Of Public Health

In Tunisia, national strategies to deal with different waves of COVID-19 have marginalized primary health care in providing preparedness and response measures.

In Tunisia, the national strategy to combat COVID-19 has undermined general primary care capacity to provide minimum basic care options.

Going forward, in Tunisia, the fight against serious infectious diseases such as COVID-19 will be an integral component that can be integrated into primary health care strategies (basic health care, intersectoral cooperation, community engagement).

A total of 25 public health professionals filled out the questionnaire, with a sex ratio (female to female) of 0.92 and a mean age of 51 ± 16 years. Twenty-three of the interviewees were physicians, five of whom were preventive and community medicine specialists, and two were WHO experts. Other characteristics are listed in Table 1.

Top 13 Components Of Primary Health Care: What Are They?

Overall, the majority of respondents (23 participants) agreed that primary health care facilities in Tunisia were not prepared to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. This is because, despite having a national communicable disease strategy in place since 2016, the national health system does not pay enough attention to primary health care. RH said:

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